Medications and risk reduction practices such as quitting smoking, following diet restrictions, regular exercise and management of stress make it possible to lead a near-normal life with coronary artery disease. Once you have a cardiac event like a heart attack or a stroke, your life expectancy decreases. Each time it takes a little more out of you and makes it harder to come back to normal.
That being said, if you make all the necessary changes and wholeheartedly adopt a healthy lifestyle, you can live a full and long life. By simply controlling the risk factors for CAD and by being fit, it is possible to prevent a cardiac event if you are diagnosed with coronary artery disease.
Lifestyle changes and medications help maintain a good quality of life as well as an improved rate of survival. Even a single cigarette or cigar can be a trigger for a heart attack in an at-risk person.
Quitting smoking all forms of tobacco is the biggest game-changer in people with CAD. A cardiac diet, an unofficial term for a heart-healthy diet will help boost your recovery and when coupled with regular exercise, is sure to keep you living healthy for longer. This diet focuses on plenty of nutrient-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables, along with lean meat and whole grains. There are also some differences in patient selection criteria and a substantial difference in sample sizes.
However, results of the previous study 30 suggest that there are limits on the phenomena we observed, constituting an important issue for future work. Selection bias is another potential limitation of these data. Patients were not included in the study if they did not qualify, did not agree to participate, or had missing data on critical variables.
Those patients undoubtedly differed from those who were included, and it is not certain that the findings will generalize to them. This is especially true for the follow-up functional status outcome, which was not obtained on the most severely ill patients who had an early death.
Of course, this bias could also create an underestimate of the expectations effect through restriction of range in the predictors. Recovery expectations are parts of a wider array of health beliefs that affect a person's decisions about risk factors and health care.
Initial clinical trials involving individualized counseling sessions designed to improve the patient's pattern of illness beliefs have been conducted with patients with cardiac disease during their hospitalization and were successful in improving rates of return to work, with some evidence of positive effects on anginal pain and exercise habits.
If so, it could be an efficient and valuable addition to cardiac care. In conclusion, patients with coronary artery disease who had more favorable expectations about their likelihood of recovery and return to a normal lifestyle had better long-term survival as well as better functional status after their hospitalization.
The effects were independent of numerous potential clinical, demographic, and psychosocial confounders. These findings argue for expanded efforts to understand the influence of recovery expectations and the potential benefits of attempts to modify them.
The potential feasibility of altering specific aspects of patient beliefs provides a promising avenue for intervention if the importance of expectations is confirmed. Correspondence: John C. Barefoot Duke. Published Online: February 28, Author Contributions: Dr Barefoot had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design : Barefoot. Acquisition of data : Barefoot, Clapp-Channing, and Siegler. Drafting of the manuscript : Barefoot. Statistical analysis : Barefoot, Brummett, Helms, and Boyle.
Obtained funding : Barefoot, Williams, and Mark. Administrative, technical, and material support : Siegler. Study supervision : Clapp-Channing and Mark. Financial Disclosure: Dr Williams has a patent pending No. He is a founder and major stockholder in Williams LifeSkills Inc. Previous Presentation: A preliminary version of this study was presented at the 66th Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society; March 14, ; Baltimore, Maryland.
Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy Continue. Download PDF Comment. View Large Download. Table 1. Patient Characteristics by Quartile of Expectation Scores. Petrie KJWeinman JSharpe NBuckley J Role of patients' view of their illness in predicting return to work and functioning after myocardial infarction: longitudinal study.
Barth JSchumacher MHerrmann-Lingen C Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Scheier MFCarver CS Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: theoretical overview and empirical update. Axelrad K Locus of control and causal attributions as they relate to expectations for coping with a heart attack. Diss Abstr Int ;42 12 Google Scholar. A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity the Duke Activity Status Index.
Relationship of physical fitness vs body mass index with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in women. Social support and hostility as predictors of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients one month after hospitalization: a prospective study. Perceived social support as a predictor of mortality in coronary patients: effects of smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation BARI Investigators, Medical care costs and quality of life after randomization to coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery.
French DPCooper AWeinman J Illness perceptions predict attendance at cardiac rehabilitation following acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review with meta-analysis. The nature and course of depression following myocardial infarction. Optimism and rehospitalization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The association between self-rated health and mortality in a well-characterized sample of coronary artery disease patients. Discordance between patient-predicted and model-predicted life expectancy among ambulatory patients with heart failure.
Save Preferences. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Limit characters. Limit 25 characters. This is an advanced stage of heart failure, and these patients are the sickest, Mountis says.
Patients with this stage of heart failure should see a specialist to help determine the best course of treatment and which options are still on the table. Seeking out a specialist may present more treatment options for individuals diagnosed with any stage of heart failure, Mountis adds.
She recommends bringing a list of your questions to the appointment, as well as a list of your medication, and a supportive family member. Oftentimes a family member may have noticed symptoms of fatigue or shortness of breath that the patient forgot about, Mountis says. Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition , which means it gets worse with time. According to the CDC, 5. Several conditions can weaken the heart enough to lead to heart failure , including:. Depending on the stage and severity of condition, some individuals may need more aggressive treatment, Mountis adds.
The American Heart Association recommends at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity at least five days a week for optimal heart health. You may learn you have it after months of experiencing symptoms such as chest pain , jaw pain, fatigue, or even heartburn.
Or you may find out you have CAD after surviving a heart attack. Either way, once you've got it, you have to learn how to live with it, because while CAD is treatable, there is no cure. It's scary and it's mortality-confronting," he says. Karen Sanson, 60, of Cleveland, struggled with fear and anxiety after her heart attack and diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Advances in surgery and medications , along with risk reduction, which includes quitting smoking , a healthy diet , regular exercise , and stress management , have made it possible to live a long and full life with CAD.
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