As conservators, we are interested in hardboard and Masonite a type of hardboard because artists have used these panels in the 20th century as painting supports.
All hardboards today are basically Masonite-process boards. Paper boards such as academy and mill boards have been discussed previously by the author Katlan What is known today as insulation board by the building industry was considered not relevant to artists or conservators. However, considered as lower-density boards, they become important for the 19th-century patents of products produced under less-refined industrial processes, such as grinding and pressing under millstones.
The lignin of the fibers in a hot press acts as the natural bonding in the board. The density of 31 lpc is critical, according to the association, and differentiates hardboard from lower-density boards and paperboards. In many cases these boards are formed from the wastes of the lumber industry, such as wood chips, sawdust, and board trimmings.
Hardboard should not be confused with particle board, which also is made from wastes of the lumber industry, but the wood chips and particles are not refined into distinct fibers or fiber bundles. Attempts to utilize sawmill waste can be seen by the number of European and American patents in the 19th century relating to reducing the wood to a paste or pulp using chemicals, water, grinding, or mechanical means.
The earliest patents that I have found are two British patents from that both specifically mention the use of wood paste or pulp in artists' panels for paintings Stevens , Clark table 1.
Both materials must have been fairly hard and dense and should not be considered paperboards, although the resulting paste would have been suitable for papermaking.
According to the Forest Products Laboratory of the U. Department of Agriculture, low-density boards are interfelted lignocellulosic fibers that are consolidated into homogeneous boards under elevated temperatures only, while hardboards are consolidated under both heat and pressure in a hot press. Stevens mentions pressing and rolling for making floor and roofing tiles.
Clark mentions using a hand or stamper pressure to fill a mould. Neither specifically mentions consolidating and drying the wood pulp in a heated hot press. If not a hardboard, then these two patents should be considered a type or variation of low-density board using pressure but not heat for consolidation.
It is unclear whether either of these two products was ever commercially produced. More likely, the first wood pulp panels were manufactured for artists' use in the early s.
Painting conservator Steven Prins has informed me that a painting signed and attributed to artist Daniel Israel, entitled Studying the Koran , was executed probably in Paris on a homogeneous interfelted wood-fiberboard Prins I believe the Israel board was possibly a similar type to the MacIntosh board. Masonite is a brand name for a type of hardboard. William H. Mason was experimenting with the process of converting wood chips and edgings into fiber without loss of lignin Mason , His patents produced the Masonite-type fiberboards that are still manufactured today table 2.
His process subjected wood particles to high steam pressure in a digester; the pressure was suddenly released to atmospheric level, thus exploding the fiber. The steam softened the lignin and fiberized the wood particles. When compressed under heat, the pulp was converted to a hard, rigid board in which the lignin served as a bonding agent.
The first hardboard plant was built in Laurel, Mississippi, in by the Mason Fiber Company later called the Masonite Corporation for the manufacture of this new type of hardboard Suchsland and Woodson There are many advantages to Masonite hardboard as a painting support, which artists rapidly discovered and first used in the late s.
Masonite is homogeneous, having no grain unlike wood panels, yet having the advantage of not swelling or shrinking like a panel Wehlte It has a dark brown surface color.
Masonite is not as sensitive to climatic changes as wood. Tempered Masonite is very hard and almost glossy on one side. Untempered Masonite is more porous on the flat side, not as glossy, but still pretty hard. MDF, while made a similar way , isn't as dense throughout as Masonite, and generally has a separate "skin" laminated to it all around.
Today a few select manufacturers in the US as well as foreign companies produce hardboard. Masonite Exterior Doors Fire-Rated Available in and minute ratings, Masonite conducts extensive fire door research to ensure that it meets the most stringent fire related building codes for long lasting durability and performance.
This allows it to be much denser and therefore much stronger than MDF. The fibers in hardboard are usually compressed to around 65 pounds per cubic foot! Only a minimal amount of natural fabrics may be used in any piece- consult F. T before burning to discuss. Tempered Hardboard is acceptable as it has a low environmental impact.
No treated color paper or chemicals of any kind to create color when burning as that is toxic. Inspect the outside of home for moisture problemsAn area that commonly rots and acts as harborage for termites is masonite siding. The moisture that has wicked inside the structure from the dirt above grade can allow termites to live without ground contact.
Answered by Aschatz: Masonite entry door are excellent doors and have a huge assortment to choose from. If you are looking for a local dealer you can go to Masonite. Peg board with or without the holes, aka: press board, fiberboard, particle board, masonite will survive outdoors untreated for about 2.
Masonite composite hardboard has a natural moisture resistance. When you install Masonite, the area of the hardboard penetrated by a fastener can absorb moisture. To avoid structural failure of a piece of installed Masonite, you need to waterproof the surface of the Masonite after installation.
Standard Masonite Presdwood Masonite Corporation used in the building trades is a hard composition board made of wood fibers pressed with heat. After soaking a sample of this Aussie hardboard in propanol and water for 25 days we were able to obtain additional, better-hydrated examples of the fibres that constitute this product, as illustrated below.
It appears that the term "Masonite" is currently used by a number of hardboard manufacturers in Australia, as reflected in our citations below. Masonite Australia was reorganized and renamed Masonite Holdings, Ltd. Australia in Masonite Australia was the country's first "true hardboard" fabrication plant. ASTHC gives as first production of hardboard in Australia, using bagasse as the primary ingredient.
Masonite Australia was formed beginningin by Masonite U. Land clearing at the Raymond Terrace site began in but actual hardboard production in Australia didn't begin until the following year, Henry Masonite Australia epanded with a dry-process hardboard factory at Pyrmont in , expanding again in Masonite Australia was not the only hardboard manufacturer in Australia.
Masonite and C. More details are in Henry In Harris plummeted far from grace as a convicted and jailed paedophile and groper, as cited below. BBC Try the search box just below, or if you prefer, post a question or comment in the Comments box below and we will respond promptly.
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